Table 3 Summary of outcomes in the included studies

Akimoto [12]

After completion

%ΔSUVmax > 80

N/S for TN or HER2+

NR

SUVmax ≤ 1.3

P = 0.026 for TN or HER2+

NR

Champion [13]

After 3 cycles

%ΔSUVmax

N/S

N/S

After completion

%ΔSUVmax > 72

P = 0.05*

Adjusted P = 0.01*

N/S

Chen [14]

During or after

Mid- or post-SUVmax^†

HR = 1.13 (1.06–1.21)

Adjusted HR = 1.09 (1.01–1.17)

HR = 1.16 (1.08–1.24)

Adjusted HR = 1.14 (1.06–1.23)

Mid- or post-SUVmax < 2.5

HR = 0.28 (0.13–0.62)

HR = 0.25 (0.11–0.60)

%ΔSUVmax^†

N/S

N/S

Dunnwald [15]

At mid-therapy

Log2(SUVpeak)^†

N/S

HR = 1.96 (1.14–3.34)

Adjusted HR = N/S

Δ%SUVpeak^†

N/S

HR = 0.72 (0.54–0.96)

Adjusted HR = N/S

Emmering [16]

After completion

CMR

HR = 0.24 (0.08–0.79)

Adjusted HR = 0.28 (0.08–0.96)

N/S

Garcia Vicente [17]

After 2 cycles

CMR-tumour

N/S

N/S

%Δtumour-SUVmax ≥ 62

N/S

N/S

CMR-lymph node

N/S

N/S

After completion

CMR-tumour

N/S

N/S

CMR-lymph node

P = 0.003

Adjusted P = N/S

P = 0.016

Adjusted P = N/S

Tumour-SUVmax

< 1.05: HR = 0.06 (0.01–0.47)

< 1.15: N/S

Lymph node-SUVmax

< 1.30: N/S

< 0.40: N/S

%Δtumour-SUVmax

≥ 74: N/S

≥ 84: N/S

Groheux [18]

After 2 cycles

SUVmax < 7.4

P = 0.011

NR

%ΔSUVmax ≥ 12

P = 0.033

NR

TLG < 30.5

P = 0.017

NR

%ΔTLG ≥ 51

P < 0.001

NR

Groheux [19]

After 2 cycles

%ΔSUVmax^†

HR = 0.86 (0.78–0.94)

Adjusted P = 0.004

NR

%ΔSUVmax

P = 0.021 and P = 0.028^‡

NR

Humbert [20]

After 1 cycle

%ΔSUVmax ≥ 16

HR = 0.19 (0.06–0.64)

HR = 0.09 (0.02–0.54)

Humbert [21]

After 1 cycle

%ΔSUVmax ≥ 50%

N/S

N/S

Hyun [22]

After completion

Log2(SUVmax)^†

HR = 1.86 (1.38–2.51)

Adjusted HR = 1.51 (1.04–2.19)

NR

%ΔSUVmax^†

HR = 0.98 (0.97–0.99)

Adjusted HR = 0.99 (0.98–1.00)

NR

Log2(MTV)^†

HR = 1.26 (1.15–1.38)

Adjusted HR = 1.14 (1.01–1.27)

NR

%ΔMTV^†

HR = 0.99 (0.99–1.00)

Adjusted HR = 1.00 (0.99–1.00)

NR

Ishiba [23]

After completion

SUVmax ≤ 1.7

P = 0.004

Adjusted P = 0.014

P = 0.01

Adjusted P = 0.029

Jung [24]

After completion

Δ%SUVpeak ≥ 84.8

P = 0.04

Adjusted P = N/S

NR

Kim [25]

After completion

SUVmax^†

HR = 1.20 (1.12–1.28)

NR

MTV^†

HR = 1.02 (1.01–1.03)

NR

TLG^†

HR = 1.00 (0.99–1.00)

NR

%ΔSUVmax^†

HR = 0.99 (0.98–0.99)

NR

%ΔMTV^†

HR = 1.00 (0.99–1.00)

Adjusted HR = 0.99 (0.98–1.00)

NR

%ΔMTV > 90.7

HR = 0.39 (0.19–0.79)

NR

%ΔTLG^†

HR = 0.99 (0.99–1.00)

NR

Kitajima [26]

After completion

CMR

HR = 0.15 (0.02–0.70)

Adjusted HR = N/S

NR

Kiyoto [27]

After completion

%ΔSUVmax > 15.9

HR = 0.18 (0.05–0.88)

NR

Kolesnikov-Gauthier [28]

After 1 cycle

%ΔSUVmax > 15

4-year DFS: 85% vs. 44%, P = 0.008

N/S

Lee [29]

After 3 cycles

%ΔSUVmax > 66.4

P < 0.001

P = 0.009

%ΔSUVmax^†

HR = 0.97 (0.95–0.98)

Adjusted HR = 0.97 (0.95–0.99)

HR = 0.98 (0.96–0.99)

Adjusted HR = 0.97 (0.95–0.99)

Lian [30]

After 2 cycles

CMR

HR = 0.17 (0.04–0.73)

Adjusted HR = 0.04 (0.00–0.42)

NR

Lim [31]

After 1 cycle

%ΔSUVmax > 41

P < 0.001

Adjusted HR = 0.13 (0.03–0.49)

NR

Zucchini [32]

After 2 cycles

%ΔSUVmax > 50

N/S for all

P = 0.049 for ER+/HER2−

NR