Vitamin D and breast cancer: interpreting current evidence

Breast Cancer Research

Table 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration and subsequent breast cancer outcome in patients with resected early-stage disease

			Adjuvant therapy
Lead author	n	Category	Hormonal therapy	Chemotherapy	Mean follow-up (years)	Study outcome
Goodwin	512	Early breast cancer, resected	Tamoxifen per clinical decision	Varies per clinical decision	11.6	Deficient (<50 nmol/l) vs. sufficient (>72 nmol/l) 25(OH)D levels, in multivariant adjusted analyses^a
		Cohort				Distant recurrence HR = 1.71 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.86^a
		Premenopausal and postmenopausal				Survival HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 0.96 to 2.64
Piura	622	Early breast cancer, resected	Tamoxifen for 53 years vs. tamoxifen for 53 years + octreotide for 2 years (per protocol)	Varies per clinical decision	7.9	No significant association with event-free survival or relapse-free survival with 25(OH)D level
		Cohort within a randomized clinical trial Postmenopausal
Jacobs	1,024	Early breast cancer, resected entered within 43 years from diagnosis Nested case-control within a randomized clinical trial	Varies per clinical decision	Varies per clinical decision	7.3	No significant association with breast cancer recurrence (local, regional, or distant) or death with 25(OH)D level
		Premenopausal and postmenopausal

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. ^aFindings were statistically significant in analyses adjusted for age and tumor stage.

ISSN: 1465-542X