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Table 2 Association between road traffic noise Lden and incidence of overall breast cancer in 22,466 nurses from Danish Nurse Cohort

From: Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of breast cancer: a cohort study

Road traffic noise

All breast cancers

N = 1193

Breast cancer with ER and PR status

N = 611

Number of cases

Crude modela

Adjusted modelb

Number of cases

Crude modela

Adjusted modelb

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Lden 24 years preceding diagnoses

 Linear per 10 dB

1193

1.11 (1.02–1.21)*

1.10 (1.00–1.20)*

611

1.17 (1.04–1.31)*

1.17 (1.02–1.33)*

 Low: < 48 dB

166

1.00

1.00

80

1.00

1.00

 Medium 48–58 dB

675

1.24 (1.04–1.47)*

1.19 (1.00–1.42)*

352

1.35 (1.06–1.73)*

1.28 (0.99–1.65)

 High > 58 dB

352

1.35 (1.12–1.62)*

1.30 (1.07–1.60)*

179

1.45 (1.11–1.89)*

1.42 (1.06–1.89)*

Lden 10 year preceding diagnoses

 Linear per 10 dB

1193

1.08 (1.00–1.16)*

1.06 (0.97–1.15)

611

1.16 (1.04–1.29)*

1.17 (1.04–1.32)*

 Low < 48 dB

195

1.00

1.00

87

1.00

1.00

 Medium 48–58 dB

646

1.19 (1.02–1.40)*

1.16 (0.98–1.37)

343

1.43 (1.13–1.81)*

1.38 (1.08–1.76)*

 High > 58 dB

352

1.25 (1.05–1.49)*

1.21 (1.00–1.46)*

181

1.45 (1.13–1.88)*

1.45 (1.10–1.91)*

Lden 1 year at the year of diagnoses

 Linear per 10 dB

1192

1.08 (1.01–1.17)*

1.07 (0.99–1.16)

610

1.15 (1.04–1.27)*

1.16 (1.04–1.30)*

 Low < 48 dB

202

1.00

1.00

98

1.00

1.00

 Medium 48–58 dB

644

1.25 (1.06–1.46)*

1.22 (1.03–1.43)*

333

1.34 (1.07–1.68)*

1.29 (1.03–1.63)*

 High > 58 dB

346

1.29 (1.09–1.54)*

1.26 (1.04–1.52)*

179

1.39 (1.09–1.78)*

1.39 (1.07–1.81)*

Lden 1 year at the baseline (1993/99)

 Linear per 10 dB

1193

1.05 (.98–1.13)

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

611

1.11 (1.01–1.23)*

1.12 (1.00–1.26)*

 Low < 48 dB

235

1.00

1.00

110

1.00

1.00

 Medium 48–58 dB

648

1.17 (1.01–1.36)*

1.13 (0.97–1.33)

347

1.34 (1.08–1.67)*

1.29 (1.03–1.62)*

 High > 58 dB

310

1.20 (1.01–1.42)*

1.17 0.97–1.41)

154

1.29 (1.01–1.64)*

1.29 (0.98–1.69)

  1. Abbreviations: ER Estrogen receptor, PR Progesterone receptor
  2. aCrude model with age as underlying time scale
  3. bModel adjusted for birth cohort, urbanization (urban, provincial, rural), body mass index (underweight, normal, overweight, obese), leisure time physical activity (low, medium, high), alcohol consumption (low, moderate, heavy), age at menarche (≤ 12 years of age, > 12 years of age), parity (nulliparous, parous), number of births, age at first birth, menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), use of hormone therapy (never, past, current), use of oral contraceptives (never, ever), and smoking status
  4. *p-value<0.05
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Breast Cancer Research

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