From: Thyroid hormones and breast cancer association according to menopausal status and body mass index
Premenopausal women, n = 306 | Postmenopausal women, n = 1036 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases, n = 147 | Controls, n = 159 | Cases, n = 498 | Controls, n = 538 | |||||
Number | (%)a | Number | (%)a | Number | (%)a | Number | (%)a | |
Sociodemographic | ||||||||
Age (years)b | 44.1 | 38.6–47.3 | 44.1 | 40.6–47.8 | 58.0 | 52.9–64.3 | 57.4 | 52.3–62.1 |
Wealth index | ||||||||
Low | 52 | (35.4) | 45 | (28.3) | 155 | (31.1) | 199 | (37.0) |
Medium | 38 | (25.9) | 49 | (30.8) | 125 | (25.1) | 187 | (34.8) |
High | 57 | (38.8) | 65 | (40.9) | 218 | (43.8) | 152 | (28.3) |
Indigenous ancestry percent | ||||||||
0–25% | 3 | (2.0) | 4 | (2.5) | 21 | (4.2) | 10 | (1.9) |
26–50% | 38 | (25.9) | 41 | (25.8) | 130 | (26.1) | 125 | (23.2) |
51–75% | 49 | (33.3) | 77 | (48.4) | 188 | (37.8) | 245 | (45.5) |
76–100% | 18 | (12.2) | 33 | (20.8) | 79 | (15.9) | 139 | (25.8) |
Reproductive health | ||||||||
Time of exposure to endogenous hormones (years)b | 34 | 30–37 | 34 | 29–37 | ||||
Parity | ||||||||
None | 21 | (14.3) | 13 | (8.2) | 62 | (12.4) | 23 | (4.3) |
1–3 | 93 | (63.3) | 98 | (61.6) | 227 | (45.6) | 209 | (38.8) |
≥ 4 | 32 | (21.8) | 47 | (29.6) | 205 | (41.2) | 306 | (56.9) |
Use of contraception at any point at life | ||||||||
No | 85 | (57.8) | 86 | (54.1) | 294 | (59.0) | 299 | (55.6) |
Yes | 62 | (42.2) | 73 | (45.9) | 202 | (40.6) | 239 | (44.4) |
Use of hormones for menopause for more than 1 month | ||||||||
No | – | – | – | – | 380 | (76.3) | 456 | (84.8) |
Yes | – | – | – | – | 114 | (22.9) | 81 | (15.1) |
Breastfeeding in monthsb | 9 | 2–25 | 12 | 4–34 | 12 | 1–42 | 24 | 6–57 |
Anthropometry | ||||||||
Waist circumference (cm)b,c | 93.3 | 84.8 - 101.5 | 97.7 | 92–107.0 | 97.0 | 90.3–104.8 | 99.5 | 91.65–108.0 |
Hip circumference (cm)b,c | 103.1 | 97.2 - 111.0 | 107.9 | 102 - 115.7 | 106.25 | 100.3–114.6 | 108.0 | 101–117.0 |
Height (cm)b,c | 154.5 | 150.5 - 158.5 | 153.8 | 149.7 - 158.0 | 151.8 | 147.3–156.0 | 150.5 | 146.7–154.4 |
Weight (kg)b,c | 65.8 | 59.5 - 74.2 | 70.2 | 64.0–79.6 | 67.2 | 60.2–76.6 | 67.8 | 60.4–77.4 |
Body mass index (weight in kg/height squared)b,c | 27.4 | 24.9–31.5 | 29.8 | 27.1–33.4 | 29.2 | 26.4–33.2 | 30.2 | 27.1–33.8 |
Waist-hip ratiob,c | 0.90 | 0.86–0.94 | 0.91 | 0.87–0.95 | 0.91 | 0.87–0.96 | 0.91 | 0.87–0.97 |
Silhouette trajectory | ||||||||
Group 1, constantly low | 19 | (12.9) | 28 | (17.6) | 76 | (15.3) | 94 | (17.5) |
Group 2, constantly mid-range | 57 | (38.8) | 56 | (35.2) | 199 | (40.0) | 200 | (37.2) |
Group 3, moderate increase | 27 | (18.4) | 32 | (20.1) | 101 | (20.3) | 117 | (21.7) |
Group 4, Strong increase | 41 | (27.9) | 37 | (23.3) | 104 | (20.9) | 113 | (21.0) |
Group 5, constantly high | 3 | (2.0) | 6 | (3.8) | 18 | (3.6) | 14 | (2.6) |
Breast pathology | ||||||||
Personal history of benign breast disease | ||||||||
No | 126 | (85.7) | 140 | (88.1) | 425 | (85.3) | 506 | (94.1) |
Yes | 20 | (13.6) | 16 | (10.1) | 65 | (13.1) | 27 | (5.0) |
Family history of breast cancer (mother, grandmother, and sisters) | ||||||||
No | 137 | (93.2) | 148 | (93.1) | 466 | (93.6) | 525 | (97.6) |
Yes | 10 | (6.8) | 11 | (6.9) | 32 | (6.4) | 13 | (2.4) |
Lifestyle | ||||||||
Hours of moderate-intensity physical activity per weekb,d | 9.0 | 3.5–18.0 | 12.0 | 2.0–25.5 | 5.5 | 1.0–10.5 | 12.0 | 2.0–22.0 |
Consumed on average one or more alcoholic drinks a month for a year | ||||||||
No | 108 | (73.5) | 139 | (87.4) | 403 | (80.9) | 472 | (87.7) |
Yes | 39 | (26.5) | 18 | (11.3) | 70 | (14.1) | 47 | (8.7) |
Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in her lifetime | ||||||||
No | 119 | (81.0) | 113 | (71.1) | 370 | (74.3) | 442 | (82.2) |
Yes | 28 | (19.0) | 46 | (28.9) | 128 | (25.7) | 96 | (17.8) |
Daily total consumption of calories (Kcal)b,d | 2262.6 | 1776.1 - 2704.1 | 1853.0 | 1514.8–2302.6 | 2014.9 | 1631.1–2557.1 | 1748.5 | 1396.0–2160.4 |
Comorbidities | ||||||||
Diagnosed with diabetes mellitus by a physician | ||||||||
No | 123 | (84.4) | 130 | (82.4) | 330 | (66.3) | 399 | (74.2) |
Yes | 15 | (10.2) | 18 | (11.3) | 126 | (25.3) | 107 | (19.9) |