Name, duration | Baseline valuea | Postinterventiona | Within-group difference (%) | Between-group differenceb | Between-group differenceb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) or BMIc | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015, 16 weeks |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet (Ex+WL) | 80.4 | 74.9 | −5.5 | −5.58 (−6.32 to −4.84) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet (WL) | 80.3 | 75.4 | −4.9 | − 4.95 (−5.69 to −4.21) | −0.63 (−1.23 to −0.04) |
  Control | 80.4 | 80.4 | 0.1 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012, 12 months |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 82.5 | 72.7 | −9.8 | P < 0.001 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.1 |
  Exercise | 83.7 | 80.9 | −2.8 | P = 0.02 | Ex+WL vs Ex, P < 0.001 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 84.0 | 74.9 | −9.1 | P < 0.001 | Ex vs WL, P < 0.001 |
  Control | 84.2 | 83.7 | −0.5 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010, 12 months |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise |  |  | −2.3 | −1.80 (−2.60 to −1.00) |  |
  Control |  |  | −0.5 | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009, 12 months |  |  |  |  |  |
  Exercise | 73.6 | 72.2 | −1.4 | N/A |  |
  Control | 74.8 | 74.0 | −0.8 |  |  |
 Orsatti et al. [25], 2008, BMI, 16 weeks |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 28.8c | 29.6c | 0.6c | P = 0.57 |  |
  Control | 27.6c | 27.1c | −0.5c | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 81.6 | 80.3 | −1.6 | P = 0.1 |  |
  Control | 81.7 | 81.8 | 0.1 | Referent |  |
Total estradiol (pg/ml) | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 3.69 | 3.22 | −12.7 | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet | 4.20 | 3.62 | −13.8 | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) |
  Control | 3.89 | 4.01 | 3.11 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 11.5 | 9.2 | −20.3 | P < 0.001 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.07 |
  Exercise | 11.5 | 11.0 | −4.9 | P = 0.1 | Ex+WL vs Ex, P < 0.001 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 11.6 | 9.7 | −16.2 | P < 0.001 | Ex vs WL, P = 0.002 |
  Control | 10.9 | 11.4 | 4.9 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 10.1 | 8.7 |  | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) |  |
  Control | 10.2 | 9.9 |  | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 8.8 | 8.1 | −7.3 | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) |  |
  Control | 9.8 | 8.8 | −10.2 | Referent |  |
 Orsatti et al. [25], 2008 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 21.5 | 23.2 |  | P = 0.56 |  |
  Control | 25.1 | 27.4 |  | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 18.3 | 17.5 | −4.4 | P = 0.32 |  |
  Control | 17.9 | 17.8 | −0.6 | Referent |  |
Estrone (pg/ml) | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 19.9 | 18.5 | −6.67 | 0.92 (0.82:1.02) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet | 20.4 | 20.1 | −1.26 | 0.98 (0.88:1.08) | 0.94 (0.86:1.02) |
  Control | 20.1 | 20.4 | 3.11 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 33.9 | 30.2 | −11.1 | P < 0.001 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.17 |
  Exercise | 34.8 | 32.9 | −5.5 | P < 0.01 | Ex+WL vs Ex, P = 0.1 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 35.2 | 31.8 | −9.6 | P < 0.001 | Ex vs WL, P = 0.3 |
  Control | 32.0 | 34.6 | 8.1 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010 | 31.4 | 29.4 |  |  |  |
  Exercise | 31.3 | 30.6 |  | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) |  |
  Control |  |  |  | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 30.6 | 27.6 | −9.7 | 0.97 (0.92–1.04) |  |
  Control | 28.0 | 27.3 | −3.4 | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 44.2 | 42.5 | −1.8 | P = 0.13 |  |
  Control | 43.9 | 45.4 | 3.9 | Referent |  |
Free estradiol (pg/ml) | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 0.09 | 0.07 | −19.1 | 0.77 (0.67–0.88) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet | 0.10 | 0.08 | −17.7 | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) | 0.96 (0.85–1.02) |
  Control | 0.09 | 0.10 | 3.23 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 0.32 | 0.23 | −26 | P < 0.001 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.06 |
  Exercise | 0.30 | 0.29 | −4.7 | P = 0.08 | Ex+WL vs Ex, P < 0.001 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 0.31 | 0.24 | −21.4 | P < 0.001 | Ex vs WL, P < 0 .001 |
  Control | 0.30 | 0.33 | 6.3 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 0.24 | 0.21 |  | 0.91 (0.87–0.96) |  |
  Control | 0.25 | 0.24 |  | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 0.22 | 0.21 | −7.3 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |  |
  Control | 0.25 | 0.23 | −10.2 | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 0.49 | 0.46 | −6.2 | P = 0.2 |  |
  Control | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.0 | Referent |  |
Testosterone (pg/ml) | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 186 | 172 | −7.63 | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet | 197 | 189 | −3.76 | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02)) |
  Control | 194 | 186 | 4.07 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 239 | 225 | −5.9 | P = 0.02 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.07 |
  Exercise | 248 | 236 | −4.9 | P = 0.24 | Ex+WL vs Ex, P = 0.24 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 239 | 236 | −0.9 | P = 0.4 | Ex vs WL, P = 0.67 |
  Control | 228 | 232 | 1.8 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 239 | 234 |  | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) |  |
  Control | 231 | 237 |  | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 528 | 507 | −4.0 | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) |  |
  Control | 535 | 526 | −1.6 | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 211 | 208 |  | P = 0.94 |  |
  Control | 223 | 218 |  | Referent |  |
Androstenedione (pg/ml) | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 573 | 488 | −14.7 | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet | 562 | 537 | −4.5 | 0.97 (0.85–1.12) | 0.90 (0.80–1.01) |
  Control | 575 | 560 | −2.6 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 526 | 508 | −3.5 | P = 0.22 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.26 |
  Exercise | 502 | 496 | −1.2 | P = 0.75 | Ex+WL vs Ex, P = 0.25 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 511 | 518 | 1.4 | P = 0.83 | Ex vs WL, P = 0.93 |
  Control | 487 | 494 | 1.5 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 578 | 572 |  | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |  |
  Control | 553 | 577 |  | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 1146 | 1115 | −2.7 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) |  |
  Control | 1172 | 1199 | 2.3 | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 533 | 480 |  | P = 0.89 |  |
  Control | 585 | 525 |  | Referent |  |
Free testosterone (pg/ml) | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 2.44 | 2.01 | −17.7 | 0.84 (0.76–0.93) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet | 2.53 | 2.25 | −11.2 | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | 0.92 (0.85–0.99) |
  Control | 2.71 | 2.61 | −3.9 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 5.3 | 4.5 | −15.6 | P < 0.001 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.02 |
  Exercise | 5.1 | 4.9 | −4.5 | P = 0.2 | Ex+WL vs Ex, P < 0.001 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 5.1 | 4.6 | −10.0 | P < 0.001 | Ex vs WL, P = 0.02 |
  Control | 4.9 | 5.1 | 2.6 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 3.5 | 3.3 |  | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) |  |
  Control | 3.5 | 3.5 |  | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 8.7 | 8.5 | −2.9 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) |  |
  Control | 8.7 | 8.5 | −1.8 | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 4.6 | 4.3 |  | P = 0.42 |  |
  Control | 4.7 | 4.6 |  | Referent |  |
SHBG (nmol/l) | |||||
 SHAPE-2 [18], 2015 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 49.3 | 58.6 | 19.0 | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) | Ex+WL vs WL |
  Reduced calorie diet | 50.7 | 57.1 | 12.6 | 1.14 (1.07–1.23) | 1.05 (1.00–1.12) |
  Control | 44.2 | 44.0 | −0.30 | Referent |  |
 NEW trial [17], 2012 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise + diet | 34.1 | 42.9 | 25.8 | P < 0.001 | Ex+WL vs WL, P = 0.41 |
  Exercise | 39.1 | 38.8 | 0.7 | P = 0.41 | Ex+WL, vs Ex P < 0.001 |
  Reduced calorie diet | 35.8 | 43.8 | 22.4 | P < 0.001 | Ex vs WL, P < 0.001 |
  Control | 34.7 | 33.7 | −2.7 | Referent |  |
 ALPHA trial [24], 2010 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 40.3 | 41.9 |  | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) |  |
  Control | 38.1 | 38.4 |  | Referent |  |
 SHAPE-1 [3], 2009 |  |  |  |  | |
  Exercise | 33.9 | 33.6 | −0.7 | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) |  |
  Control | 34.7 | 33.6 | −3.3 | Referent |  |
 |  |  |  | ||
  Exercise | 35.2 | 38.3 | 8.8 | P = 0.10 |  |
  Control | 35.8 | 36.7 | 2.5 | Referent |  |