Fig. 3From: The origins of breast cancer associated with mammographic density: a testable biological hypothesisProposed model of the two-stage model of carcinogenesis with risk of breast cancer in percent mammographic density. (The third column represents effects on the growth of a clone of malignant cells.) CAF Cancer-associated fibroblast, ECM Extracellular matrix, HGF Hepatocyte growth factor, IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1, MMP-3 Matrix metalloproteinase 3, TGF-β Transforming growth factor-βBack to article page