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Table 3 Associations of PM2.5 and O3 with breast density, stratified by body mass index, family history of breast cancer, and menopausal status/postmenopausal hormone use

From: Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium

 

Pollutant quartilea

PM2.5 (ug/m3)

O3 (ppb)

Analytical strata

BI-RADS I OR (95% CI)

BI-RADS III OR (95% CI)

BI-RADS IV OR (95% CI)

BI-RADS I OR (95% CI)

BI-RADS III OR (95% CI)

BI-RADS IV OR (95% CI)

BMI <30b

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

1.06 (1.03–1.09)

0.88 (0.84–0.92)

0.97 (0.90–1.04)

1.15 (1.11–1.20)

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

3rd

0.93 (0.88–0.98)

1.16 (1.13–1.20)

0.98 (0.94–1.03)

0.87 (0.79–0.96)

1.14 (1.09–1.20)

1.02 (0.94–1.10)

4th

0.95 (0.90–1.01)

1.16 (1.12–1.20)

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

1.12 (1.01–1.25)

1.02 (0.96–1.07)

0.85 (0.78–0.93)

BMI ≥30b

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

0.91 (0.86–0.95)

1.16 (1.10–1.22)

1.20 (1.02–1.41)

0.78 (0.73–0.84)

1.07 (1.01–1.12)

1.03 (0.88–1.21)

3rd

0.79 (0.75–0.84)

1.27 (1.20–1.33)

1.05 (0.89–1.24)

0.84 (0.76–0.93)

1.06 (0.97–1.15)

0.94 (0.73–1.20)

4th

0.85 (0.81–0.91)

1.27 (1.20–1.34)

1.09 (0.91–1.30)

1.13 (1.02–1.25)

0.93 (0.85–1.02)

0.62 (0.46–0.82)

Premenopausalc

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

0.96 (0.87–1.06)

1.06 (1.01–1.12)

0.92 (0.85–0.99)

0.85 (0.72–1.00)

1.17 (1.09–1.26)

1.16 (1.06–1.26)

3rd

0.82 (0.74–0.91)

1.25 (1.19–1.32)

1.06 (0.98–1.15)

0.82 (0.67–1.00)

1.25 (1.14–1.37)

1.16 (1.03–1.32)

4th

0.86 (0.77–0.96)

1.20 (1.13–1.26)

0.97 (0.89–1.05)

1.04 (0.84–1.28)

1.21 (1.10–1.33)

0.99 (0.86–1.13)

Postmenopausal/no HRTc

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

0.94 (0.91–0.98)

1.08 (1.05–1.12)

0.90 (0.84–0.97)

0.85 (0.80–0.90)

1.10 (1.06–1.14)

1.06 (0.99–1.13)

3rd

0.83 (0.79–0.87)

1.15 (1.11–1.19)

0.97 (0.90–1.04)

0.83 (0.77–0.90)

1.05 (0.99–1.11)

0.87 (0.78–0.98)

4th

0.88 (0.84–0.92)

1.21 (1.17–1.25)

1.01 (0.94–1.09)

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

0.88 (0.83–0.94)

0.69 (0.61–0.79)

Postmenopausal/with HRTc

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

1.14 (1.06–1.22)

0.88 (0.77–1.00)

0.90 (0.77–1.06)

1.21 (1.12–1.30)

1.04 (0.91–1.19)

3rd

0.96 (0.84–1.09)

1.29 (1.20–1.39)

1.08 (0.95–1.24)

0.86 (0.70–1.07)

1.19 (1.06–1.33)

1.08 (0.87–1.33)

4th

1.00 (0.87–1.14)

1.15 (1.06–1.24)

0.96 (0.83–1.10)

1.02 (0.81–1.30)

1.03 (0.90–1.18)

0.80 (0.62–1.03)

Perimenopausalc

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

0.97 (0.74–1.28)

0.98 (0.83–1.15)

0.93 (0.72–1.21)

0.83 (0.54–1.27)

0.94 (0.78–1.14)

0.93 (0.70–1.23)

3rd

1.06 (0.79–1.41)

1.16 (0.98–1.37)

1.03 (0.79–1.34)

0.95 (0.54–1.65)

0.89 (0.68–1.17)

0.75 (0.48–1.16)

4th

0.95 (0.69–1.30)

1.34 (1.12–1.60)

1.07 (0.80–1.42)

1.29 (0.72–2.31)

0.76 (0.56–1.03)

0.62 (0.38–1.02)

No Family history of breast cancerd

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

0.93 (0.89–0.97)

1.08 (1.05–1.12)

0.90 (0.85–0.94)

0.87 (0.82–0.92)

1.12 (1.09–1.16)

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

3rd

0.83 (0.80–0.87)

1.20 (1.16–1.23)

1.00 (0.95–1.05)

0.85 (0.79–0.92)

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

0.99 (0.91–1.07)

4th

0.87 (0.83–0.91)

1.21 (1.17–1.25)

0.95 (0.90–1.01)

1.11 (1.03–1.21)

0.98 (0.93–1.03)

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

Family history of breast cancerd

 

1st

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

2nd

1.05 (0.96–1.14)

1.05 (0.99–1.12)

0.92 (0.82–1.03)

0.79 (0.70–0.90)

1.15 (1.08–1.24)

1.02 (0.90–1.14)

3rd

0.90 (0.82–0.99)

1.17 (1.10–1.24)

0.99 (0.88–1.11)

0.82 (0.69–0.98)

1.15 (1.04–1.28)

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

4th

0.93 (0.84–1.03)

1.12 (1.05–1.20)

1.05 (0.94–1.18)

1.13 (0.94–1.35)

1.01 (0.90–1.13)

0.77 (0.63–0.94)

  1. aQuartiles defined as <7.91, 7.91 to <8.81, 8.81 to <9.86, and ≥9.86 ug/m3 for particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and <29.73, 29.73 to <36.05, 36.05 to <37.92 and ≥37.92 ppb for ozone (O3). bAdjusted for age at mammogram, race, study site, age at menarche, parity and age at first birth, menopausal status/hormone use, family history of breast cancer, history of breast biopsy, and median household income for the zip code. cAdjusted for age at mammogram, body mass index (BMI) at mammogram, race, study site, age at menarche, parity and age at first birth, family history of breast cancer, history of breast biopsy, and median household income for the zip code
  2. dAdjusted for age at mammogram, BMI at mammogram, race, study site, age at menarche, parity and age at first birth, menopausal status/hormone use, family history of breast cancer, history of breast biopsy, and median household income for the zip code. American College of Radiology’s Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) II (scattered fibroglandular densities) is the reference group. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio. P values for two-way interactions: PM2.5 with BMI p < 0.01; PM2.5 with menopausal status/hormone replacement therapy (HRT) p = 0.02; PM2.5 with family history of breast cancer p = 0.21; O3 with BMI p < 0.0001; O3 with menopausal status/HRT p < 0.0001; O3 with family history of breast cancer p = 0.56
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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