Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

Schoemaker, Minouk J.; Jones, Michael E.; Allen, Steven; Hoare, Jean; Ashworth, Alan; Dowsett, Mitch; Swerdlow, Anthony J.

doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0804-y

Breast Cancer Research

Table 4 Difference in adult mammographic density parameters across categories of age at onset of pubertal stages

From: Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

		Mammographic density parameters
			Absolute area
		Percent density difference,	Dense area	Non-dense area
Age at pubertal stage	Category	percentage points (95% CI)^a	difference, cm² (95% CI)^a	difference, cm² (95% CI)^a
Age at thelarche, years
A:	≤10	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	11–12	2.6 (-1.2-6.7)	0.8 (-3.6, 5.5)	-8.8 (-19.3, 2.4)
	≥13	5.7 (1.6-10.1)	1.7 (-2.8, 6.6)	-23.1 (-33.1, -12.5)
	P trend^b	0.002	0.42	<0.001
B: +BMI-adjusted	≤10	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	11–12	1.0 (-2.4, 4.6)	0.0 (-4.2, 4.6)	-3.7 (-12.2, 5.1)
	≥13	2.2 (-1.4, 6.0)	-0.1 (-4.5, 4.6)	-11.7 (-20.1, -3.0)
	P trend^b	0.20	0.95	0.002
C: +weight age 11 years	≤10	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	11–12	0.2 (-3.1, 3.8)	-1.0 (-5.1, 3.5)	-3.0 (-11.5, 5.9)
	≥13	0.3 (-3.3, 4.1)	-2.5 (-6.8, 2.2)	-10.0 (-18.8, -0.7)
	P trend^b	0.88	0.24	0.012
Age at menarche, years
A:	≤12	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	13–14	4.7 (2.1, 7.3)	3.5 (0.6, 6.6)	-12.7 (-19.5, -5.7)
	≥15	6.9 (2.7, 11.3)	5.7 (1.0, 10.8)	-17.7 (-28.1, -6.8)
	P trend^b	<0.001	0.003	<0.001
B: +BMI-adjusted	≤12	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	13–14	2.9 (0.6, 5.2)	2.9 (0.0, 5.9)	-5.2 (-10.8, 0.6)
	≥15	3.2 (-0.4, 7.1)	4.2 (-0.4, 9.1)	-3.1 (-12.1, 6.2)
	P trend^b	0.014	0.023	0.18
C: +weight age 11 years	≤12	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	13–14	2.0 (-0.3, 4.4)	1.7 (-1.1, 4.7)	-4.0 (-9.8, 1.9)
	≥15	1.8 (-1.8, 5.6)	2.3 (-2.2, 7.1)	-1.4 (-10.6, 8.2)
	P trend^b	0.13	0.20	0.40
Age at regular cycles, years
A:	≤12	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	13–14	5.2 (1.9, 8.7)	5.4 (1.3, 9.7)	-10.0 (-18.8, -0.8)
	≥15	6.4 (2.5, 10.5)	5.3 (0.7, 10.3)	-12.4 (-22.4, -2.0)
	P trend^b	<0.001	0.013	0.014
B: +BMI-adjusted	≤12	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	13–14	3.3 (0.3, 6.5)	4.6 (0.6, 8.8)	-2.2 (-9.8, 5.6)
	≥15	4.3 (0.8, 8.1)	4.4 (-0.1, 9.2)	-4.3 (-12.8, 4.5)
	P trend^b	0.010	0.036	0.33
C: +weight age 11 years	≤12	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	13–14	2.5 (-0.6, 5.7)	3.6 (-0.4, 7.9)	-0.5 (-8.2, 7.5)
	≥15	3.4 (-0.1, 7.1)	3.4 (-1.1, 8.2)	-2.6 (-11.2, 6.5)
	P trend^b	0.051	0.12	0.59

^aDifferences derived with respect to reference levels: 25% for percentage density, 30 cm² for dense area and 110 cm² for non-dense area. Models defined as A: analyses adjusted for age at mammogram (47–50, 50–54, 55–59 (baseline), 60–64, 65–69, 70–73 years), duration of oral contraception use (never (baseline), <5, 10–14, ≥15 years, not known), postmenopausal hormone treatment (never (baseline), former, current/<5, current/5–9, current/≥10 years duration), menopausal status and time since menopause (<5 (baseline), 10–14, 15–19, ≥20, unknown years postmenopausal, not postmenopausal), age at first birth and parity (nulliparous, 10–24 years/1–2, 10–24 years/≥3, 25–29 years/1–2 (baseline), 25–29 years/≥3, 30 years/≥1), alcohol units (none (baseline), 1–4 to ≥25, in 5-unit increments), physical activity (<31 (baseline), 32–55, 56–88, ≥88 metabolic energy equivalents/h/week); B: adjusted for covariates in model A plus body mass index (BMI) (<20.0 (baseline) to >35.0, in 2.5 kg/m² increments); C: adjusted for covariates in model B plus weight compared with peers at age 11 years (thinner (baseline), about the same, heavier, not known). ^b P trend for linear regression fitted through categories of exposure
The p-values in bold are those with p<0.05

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