Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

Schoemaker, Minouk J.; Jones, Michael E.; Allen, Steven; Hoare, Jean; Ashworth, Alan; Dowsett, Mitch; Swerdlow, Anthony J.

doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0804-y

Breast Cancer Research

Table 2 Difference in adult mammographic density across categories of weight compared with peers at ages 7 and 11 years

From: Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

		Mammographic density parameters
			Absolute area
		Percent density difference,	Dense area	Non-dense
Weight and age	Category	percentage points (95% CI)^a	difference, cm² (95% CI)^a	difference, cm² (95% CI)^a
Weight relative to peers, age 7 years
A:	Thinner	5.6 (3.0, 8.4)	6.1 (3.0, 9.3)	-10.8 (-17.7, -3.6)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Heavier	-4.1 (-7.0, -0.9)	-2.1 (-5.7, 1.8)	17.7 (6.9, 28.9)
	P trend^b	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
B: +BMI-adjusted	Thinner	4.2 (1.8, 6.7)	5.7 (2.7, 8.9)	-4.6 (-10.3, 1.3)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Heavier	-1.6 (-4.5, 1.5)	-1.1 (-4.8, 2.8)	3.5 (-4.7, 12.0)
	P trend^b	<0.001	<0.001	0.050
Weight relative to peers, age 11 years
A:	Thinner	5.0 (2.4, 7.8)	4.3 (1.3, 7.5)	-12.8 (-19.7, -5.7)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Heavier	-7.0 (-9.3, -4.5)	-6.4 (-9.3, -3.4)	23.3 (14.0, 32.9)
	P trend^b	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
B: +BMI-adjusted	Thinner	3.0 (0.7, 5.5)	3.8 (0.8, 7.0)	-4.1 (-9.9, 1.9)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Heavier	-4.1 (-6.5, -1.6)	-5.4 (-8.3, -2.2)	5.8 (-1.3, 13.1)
	P trend^b	<0.001	<0.001	0.017
Change in relative weight age 7 to 11 years ^c
A:	Decrease	0.2 (-4.6, 5.6)	-0.7 (-6.3, 5.5)	2.8 (-12.3, 19.0)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Increase	-6.3 (-9.0, -3.3)	-6.1 (-9.4, -2.6)	24.1 (13.3, 35.3)
	P trend^b	<0.001	0.007	<0.001
B: +BMI-adjusted	Decrease	0.2 (-4.3, 5.1)	-0.3 (-5.9, 5.8)	3.2 (-8.8, 15.9)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Increase	-2.8 (-5.6, 0.2)	-4.4 (-7.9, -0.7)	5.9 (-2.2, 14.2)
	P trend^b	0.11	0.054	0.36

^aDifferences derived with respect to reference levels: 25% for percentage density, 30 cm² for dense area and 110 cm² for non-dense area. Models defined as A: analyses adjusted for age at mammogram (47–50, 50–54, 55–59 (baseline), 60–64, 65–69, 70–73 years), duration of oral contraception use (never (baseline), <5, 10–14, ≥15 years, not known), postmenopausal hormone treatment (never (baseline), former, current/<5, current/5–9, current/≥10 years duration), menopausal status and time since menopause (<5 (baseline), 10–14, 15–19, ≥20, unknown years postmenopausal, not postmenopausal), age at first birth and parity (nulliparous, 10–24 years/1–2, 10–24 years/≥3, 25–29 years/1–2 (baseline), 25–29 years/≥3, 30 years/≥1), alcohol units (none (baseline), 1–4 to ≥25, in 5-unit increments), physical activity (<31 (baseline), 32–55, 56–88, ≥88 metabolic energy equivalents/h/week); B: adjusted for covariates in model A plus body mass index (BMI) (<20.0 (baseline) to >35.0, in 2.5 kg/m² increments). ^bP trend for linear regression fitted through categories of exposure. ^cIncrease or decrease in category of weight compared with peers between ages 7 and 11 years
The p-values in bold are those with p<0.05

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