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Fig. 2 | Breast Cancer Research

Fig. 2

From: The cell surface mucin podocalyxin regulates collective breast tumor budding

Fig. 2

Podocalyxin overexpression induces cohesive epithelial invasion of the stroma and regional lymph node. a, b Serial sections (approximately 100 μm apart) immunostained for cytokeratin a and E-cadherin b indicated that the stromal invasion of MCF-7-podo-derived tumor micronodules was cohesive and epithelial. Notably, some cohesive micronodules were extensions originating from the main primary tumor (arrowheads), while others were completely disconnected from it (arrows) a, b. Shown in the lower panels are magnified views of the outlined areas within the upper images, with further magnified insets in the lower panels of b showing the presence of some membranous E-cadherin. Scale = 200 μm. c Representative invasive micronodules were serially sectioned and immunostained for epithelial cytokeratins, E-cadherin, and podocalyxin. Note that a considerable portion of the podocalyxin localized to small microlumenal membrane surfaces within the tumor micronodules (arrows). Scale = 50 μm. d MCF-7-control and MCF-7-podo tumor sections were immunostained for ezrin and the tumor/stromal interface was imaged. Note that while ezrin was often localized to cell membranes in both conditions, it also lined microlumenal structures in the MCF-7-podo tumors (arrows). Scale = 50 μm

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