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Table 1 Post-intravasation models for metastatic efficiency

From: Multistep tumorigenesis and the microenvironment

Peritoneal/venous shunts of ascitic fluid [14]

Site of primary tumor

Average number of viable cells per 20 ml blood (delivered on average for 40 weeks)

Average clonogenic efficiency in soft agar

Metastatic events in patients at autopsy

Ovary, breast, pancreas bronchus, and colon

1 × 107

1 in 104

8/15: no viable cells

7/15: large number of single viable tumor cells and micrometastases in lung only

Tail injection [16, 17]

Cell types

Gene expressed

Number of cells per injection

Lung colony efficiency

NIH-3T3 [16]

c-H-ras

3 × 105

1 in 104

 

v-src

3 × 105

2 in 105

MDA-MB-231 [17]

-

1.0 × 106

<1 in 105

MDA-MB-435 [17]

-

1.0 × 106

<1 in 105

  1. Data from references Tarin and coworkers [14], Egan and coworkers [16], and Price and coworkers [17].