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Table 1 Comparison of genetic alterations of MDM2 in different genetic backgrounds

From: The role of the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway in breast cancer: Use of mouse models for analyzing ubiquitination processes

MDM2-mutant mice

Phenotype (major features)

p53-null background

E6-AP-null background

E6-AP-transgenic background

Hypothetical MDM2 pathway

Reference

MDM2 null

Not viable

Viable

NR

NR

p53 dependent

[42]

MDM2 transgenic

In comparison with p53-/-: Slow rate of tumorigenesis

Increased rate of tumorigenesis

NR

NR

p53-independent

[43]

 

Increased number of sarcomas

No changes*

    

MDM2 transgenic (mammary gland)

Atrophic/dysplastic phenotype of mammary gland

No changes*

No changes*

No changes*

p53/E6-AP independent

[44, 45]

 

Ductal carcinoma (long latency)

NR

NR

NR

  

MDM2 transgenic (basal layer epidermidis)

Scaly skin with increased thickness of epidermidis

NR

NR

NR

p53 dependent

[46]

 

Altered K14 and K6 expression

Normal K14 and K6 expression

    
 

Increased Ki67 and TUNEL+ cells

Normal Ki67 and TUNEL stains

    
 

Epidermal hyperplasia dysplasia and cancer (long latency)

NR

    
  1. *No changes detected in the crossed mice in comparison with the MDM2-mutant mice. NR, not reported.