From: Adipokines, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and breast cancer recurrence: a cohort study
Characteristic | All (N= 747) | ER/PR-negative†(N= 233) | ER/PR-positive†(N= 514) | P-value‡ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr, mean ± SD) | 45.9 ± 9.8 | 46.4 ± 10.6 | 45.7 ± 9.4 | 0.336 |
Current tobacco use (%) | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 0.858 |
Alcohol use above a safe level (%) | ||||
   >0 and <7 g/week | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 0.771 |
   >= 7 g/week | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.9 | |
Postmenopausal (%) | 31.3 | 36.5 | 29.0 | 0.041 |
Cancer size ≥ 2 cm | 21.6 | 22.3 | 21.2 | 0.732 |
Positive lymph nodes | 39.6 | 38.6 | 40.1 | 0.707 |
Chemotherapy after surgery | 76.0 | 87.1 | 71.0 | <0.001 |
Adipokines and insulin resistance | ||||
Adiponectin, median (μg/ml, IQR)§ | 5.9 (4.1 to 8.0) | 5.2 (3.6 to 7.5) | 6.1 (4.2 to 8.1) | 0.004 |
   1Q | 187 | 68 | 119 | |
   2Q | 187 | 78 | 109 | |
   3Q | 187 | 35 | 152 | |
   4Q | 186 | 52 | 134 | |
   Leptin, median (ng/ml, IQR)§ | 6.0 (3.2 to 11.7) | 7.8 (3.5 to 12.9) | 5.8 (3.2 to 11.2) | 0.039 |
   1Q | 187 | 53 | 134 | |
   2Q | 187 | 45 | 142 | |
   3Q | 187 | 67 | 20 | |
   4Q | 186 | 68 | 118 | |
   HOMA-IR | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.4) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.7) | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.3) | 0.013 |
   1Q | 187 | 52 | 135 | |
   2Q | 187 | 49 | 138 | |
   3Q | 186 | 60 | 126 | |
   4Q | 187 | 72 | 115 | |
   Insulin (μU/ml, IQR)§ | 6.7 (5.6 to 8.9) | 7.0 (5.6 to 9.8) | 6.6 (5.6 to 8.6) | 0.179 |
   1Q | 189 | 63 | 126 | |
   2Q | 185 | 44 | 141 | |
   3Q | 186 | 57 | 129 | |
   4Q | 187 | 69 | 118 | |
   Estradiol (pg/ml, IQR)§ | 32.3 (14.3 to 89.5) | 19.7 (12.7 to 67.2) | 39.6 (15.9 to 96.8) | <0.001 |
   1Q | 190 | 79 | 111 | |
   2Q | 184 | 65 | 119 | |
   3Q | 186 | 43 | 143 | |
   4Q | 187 | 46 | 141 | |
Components of metabolic syndrome | ||||
   High blood pressure (%) ∥ | 42.0 | 38.6 | 43.6 | 0.390 |
   Obesity (%)¶ | 33.7 | 36.5 | 32.5 | 0.179 |
   Hyperglycemia (%)** | 54.4 | 56.2 | 53.5 | 0.616 |
   Decreased HDL cholesterol (%)††| 60.0 | 61.8 | 59.1 | 0.492 |
   Elevated triglycerides (%)‡‡ | 19.1 | 23.6 | 17.1 | 0.037 |
No. of components of metabolic syndrome (%) | ||||
   1 | 25.4 | 20.2 | 27.8 | 0.170 |
   2 | 29.3 | 30.9 | 28.6 | |
   ≥3 | 35.9 | 39.1 | 34.4 |