From: Molecular targeted therapies for breast cancer treatment
Cellular target | Agent | Application | Clinical study | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
TRAIL receptors | TRAIL | BC, gynaecologic malignancies | Phase I | |
26S proteasome | Bortezomib | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [22] |
 | Bortezomib | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [23] |
 | Bortezomib/trastuzumab | Metastatic BC | Phase I | [24] |
 | Bortezomib/capecitabine | Metastatic BC | Phase I/II | [25] |
mTOR | Everolimus (RAD-001) | Primary BC, neoadjuvant | Phase III, GEPARquinto, GBG 44 | [88] |
 | Everolimus (RAD-001) | Metastatic BC, bone | Phase II, GBG 41 | [89] |
 |  | metastases |  |  |
p53 | Ad5CMV-p53 and docetaxel/doxorubicin | Primary BC, neoadjuvant | Phase II | [42] |
EGFR | Cetuximab and paclitaxel | Advanced BC | Phase I | [44] |
 | Erlotinib | Primary BC, neoadjuvant | Phase I | [50] |
 | Trastuzumab and capecitabine versus capecitabine | BC, beyond progression | Phase II, GBG 26, | [90] |
EGFR/HER2 | Lapatinib and capecitabine versus capecitabine | Advanced BC | Phase III | |
 | Lapatinib and paclitaxel | Inflammatory BC, neoadjuvant | Phase II | [62] |
 | Lapatinib and paclitaxel/trastuzumab | Primary BC, HER2+, neoadjuvant | Phase III, GBG 47, NeoAltto | [91] |
 | Lapatinib and trastuzumab | BC, HER2+ | Phase III, GBG 46, ALTTO | [92] |
Ras, farnesyl transferase | Tipifarnib and gemcitabine | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [63] |
 | Tipifarnib and letrozole | Advanced BC | Phase II | [64] |
 | Lonafarnib and anastrozole | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [63] |
COX-2 | Celecoxib | BC adjuvant | Phase III, GBG 27 | [93] |
VEGF | Bevacizumab | Metastatic BC | Phase I/II | [68] |
 | Bevacizumab | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [69] |
 | Bevacizumab and vinorelbine | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [70] |
 | Bevacizumab and vinorelbine | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [71] |
 | Bevacizumab, docetaxel | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [72] |
 | Bevacizumab/trastuzumab, carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel versus trastuzumab carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel | HER-2 positive metastatic BC | Phase II | [73] |
 | Bevacizumab, docetaxel | Neo-adjuvant, nonmetastatic, metastatic BC | Phase II | [75] |
 | Bevacizumab doxorubicin/docetaxel | Neo-adjuvant, inflammatory, locally advanced | Phase II | [76] |
 | Bevacizumab and capecitabine versus capecitabine | Advanced BC | Phase III | [74] |
 | Bevacizumab and paclitaxel versus paclitaxel | Advanced BC | Phase III | [5] |
 | Bevacizumab and trastuzumab | HER2+, metastatic BC | Phase II | [79] |
 | Bevacizumab and docetaxel/trastuzumab versus docetaxol/trastuzumab | HER2+, recurrent or metastatic BC | Phase III | [80] |
 | Bevacizumab and letrozole versus letrozole | BC, advanced and metastatic | Phase III, GEICAM/GBG 51 | [94] |
 | Bevacizumab and erlotinib | Metastatic BC | Phase II | [81] |
 | Bevacizumab and everolimus | Advanced solid tumours | Phase I | [82] |